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| Street LIFE – building community spaces in Spain |
Madrid is a fast-growing city, with population growth resulting largely from immigration into the urban area. The city is expanding in particular to the south-east, with the development of the Vallecas area. 26,000 new apartment dwellings are being built, ranging from small units to larger, upmarket developments. The city authorities hope this will result in a diverse, mixed population.
Nevertheless, in one area of the new development, primarily low-cost housing units are planned. At the same time, the trend in commercial development is for large-scale shopping centres separated from residential areas. Madrid's Municipal Housing and Land Authority (Empresa Municipal de la Vivenda y Suelo – EMVS) was therefore concerned to develop eco-friendly facilities in the low-cost housing area that would benefit quality of life and help prevent any future “ghettoisation” of the district.
This was the basis for the LIFE-Environment project Mediterranean Verandahways (LIFE02 ENV/E/000198), which ran from September 2002 to August 2005 with an EU contribution of €601,000. The objective was to evoke the Mediterranean spirit of outdoor public life through a contemporary urban design project for an open space in the newly developed district of Madrid.
A key issue for beneficiary EMVS was the heat of summer in Madrid – how to encourage residents to use outdoor public spaces in temperatures that can reach 40 degrees. A design competition was held and won by the studio Ecosistema Urbano, who proposed to line a semi-pedestrianised boulevard with pavilions that would act as “air trees”, providing shade, ventilation and vegetation, whilst functioning as “social activators” - bringing people outdoors – in the yet-to-be-built neighbourhood.
The prototype pavilion consists of 17 metre tall steel cylinders (using 80 percent recycled steel), with inner surfaces overgrown with ivy. At the top, funnels draw air into the cylinders. When temperatures reach 27 degrees, ventilators activate and propel the air down into the cylinders and through dampened cellulose panels, creating a cloud of water vapour and reducing the temperature of the falling air by 8 to 12 degrees. The pavilions therefore offer both shade and cool air. Because the design functions best at high temperatures and low humidity, it is ideal for – and transferable to – most Mediterranean cities. The designers expect the temperature under the pavilion to be 10 to 15 degrees cooler than the surrounding area.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| For the safeguarding of the authenticity and adaptation to contemporary needs of a distinctive landmark of the walled city of Nicosia and for the sensitive treatment of an Islamic architectural element in a multicultural context. |
Built around 1571 by Lala Mustafa Pasha, the first Ottoman administrator of Cyprus, the baths suffered from extreme lack of maintenance. The exterior render of the domes had severely deteriorated, resulting in water infiltration, decay of stones and mortar, penetration of vegetation, corrosion of embedded iron elements, development of cracks and loss of stability. Internally, peeling plaster, noxious fumes from the disintegrating hypocaust and furnace, high heat and humidity levels, as well as the dated electrical and sewerage systems, created an insalubrious environment.
Retaining the building’s traditional use was of primary consideration in the restoration. Works principally involved reinstating the structural capacity of the damaged walls, shells and domes. Roots were removed, cracks repaired and corroded door anchors replaced. Deformed segments were numbered, dismantled and reconstructed using the original stones where possible, together with matching new limestone ashlars from the Nicosia district quarries. Following extensive research and documentation, the hypocaust was removed and a new structure of fired bricks and stone slabs constructed. The deteriorating walls were consolidated by grouting with a hydraulic lime mortar. Hidden architectural features were revealed, including walls attesting the existence of an older building which are exposed and protected behind a glass wall. New installations were accommodated without disruption to the building’s architectural integrity - beneath the floor or in low-key structures. In full operation since March 2005, the restored baths have contributed immensely to upgrading one of the most neglected areas of the city.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| Access |
The ACCESS project addresses small-scale technologies that utilise biomass and solar energy for heating and hotwater supply in dwellings with individual and local heating systems in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia. The project objective is to contribute to the large scale market penetration of these technologies. This objective will be achieved through 1) development of a virtual market network; 2) systematization of the biomass energy potential and perspectives for its increase; 3) development of a method for the identification of optimal combined scheme; 4) promotion of standards for both the concerned technologies and biomass products; 5) training courses; 6) elaboration of optimal financing schemes; 7) dissemination activities.
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