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| Street LIFE – building community spaces in Spain |
Madrid is a fast-growing city, with population growth resulting largely from immigration into the urban area. The city is expanding in particular to the south-east, with the development of the Vallecas area. 26,000 new apartment dwellings are being built, ranging from small units to larger, upmarket developments. The city authorities hope this will result in a diverse, mixed population.
Nevertheless, in one area of the new development, primarily low-cost housing units are planned. At the same time, the trend in commercial development is for large-scale shopping centres separated from residential areas. Madrid's Municipal Housing and Land Authority (Empresa Municipal de la Vivenda y Suelo – EMVS) was therefore concerned to develop eco-friendly facilities in the low-cost housing area that would benefit quality of life and help prevent any future “ghettoisation” of the district.
This was the basis for the LIFE-Environment project Mediterranean Verandahways (LIFE02 ENV/E/000198), which ran from September 2002 to August 2005 with an EU contribution of €601,000. The objective was to evoke the Mediterranean spirit of outdoor public life through a contemporary urban design project for an open space in the newly developed district of Madrid.
A key issue for beneficiary EMVS was the heat of summer in Madrid – how to encourage residents to use outdoor public spaces in temperatures that can reach 40 degrees. A design competition was held and won by the studio Ecosistema Urbano, who proposed to line a semi-pedestrianised boulevard with pavilions that would act as “air trees”, providing shade, ventilation and vegetation, whilst functioning as “social activators” - bringing people outdoors – in the yet-to-be-built neighbourhood.
The prototype pavilion consists of 17 metre tall steel cylinders (using 80 percent recycled steel), with inner surfaces overgrown with ivy. At the top, funnels draw air into the cylinders. When temperatures reach 27 degrees, ventilators activate and propel the air down into the cylinders and through dampened cellulose panels, creating a cloud of water vapour and reducing the temperature of the falling air by 8 to 12 degrees. The pavilions therefore offer both shade and cool air. Because the design functions best at high temperatures and low humidity, it is ideal for – and transferable to – most Mediterranean cities. The designers expect the temperature under the pavilion to be 10 to 15 degrees cooler than the surrounding area.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| Renewable Fuels for a Sustainable Europe (REFUEL) |
The key objective of REFUEL is to develop a roadmap for biofuels to reach a target market penetration
in 2030 in an effective way. To deliver a meaningful road map that is consistent with EU policies and
which has been discussed and agreed by a wide range of stakeholders the following sub-goals need to
• A biofuels scenario consistent with a target market penetration in 2030 together with a design of the
required supply chain and market structure, the assessment of costs and potentials and the short
and long term barriers to implementation.
• Effective and efficient policies to make the scenario happen and to predict their cost, benefits, and
sustainability in socio-economic terms with a focus on security of supply, GHG emissions and overall
• To identify key biomass classes and key technologies that in the long term would support this
scenario, to quantify the required productions and to address regional, environmental, and
agricultural or market barriers. Policies, standards and incentives will be developed in consultation
with stakeholders, in particular the automotive, oil, and agro industry. Operational and environmental
benefits of the scenario will be quantified.
• To asses, in a broader context, the impact of the scenario on biomass strategies for energy and food.
REFUEL, carried out by a consortium of European research institutes and consultants with
complementary know-how and competencies builds on ongoing EU projects on biofuel potentials and
scenarios but in addition will use various complementary techno-economic market models to make
costs, benefits and broader impacts explicit. REFUEL will use results and scenarios from EU projects
such as VIEWLS and others as a starting point and together with a steering committee consisting of
relevant stakeholders define at the start of REFUEL a first, draft outline of the envisaged roadmap. Thisshould provide immediate focus for the project with, bottom-up, the following tasks to be carried out (1)
Consistent quantification of biomass potentials for biofuels for EU25 plus Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Ukraine, Norway and Switzerland (EU25+). (2) Compilation of scenarios regarding land use in EU25+
and the subsequent technical and economic potentials for biomass production for biofuels. (3) Design
and construction, using techno-economic market models, of a biofuels scenario in terms of costs and
potentials together with the corresponding supply chain and market structure and the definition of
“transition biofuels” and “ biofuels for the future” (4) Analyses of the impacts on the supply side and on
the demand side of the biofuels supply chain. (5) Assessment of the larger socio-economic effects, costs
and benefits of the biofuels scenario. (6) Definition of policies in support of the scenario up to 2030
together with a framework for legislation, fiscal regimes and fuel standards and norms. This is the
roadmap (7) Co-ordination and dissemination activities.
Expected results of REFUEL are above all a biofuels roadmap meaning a blueprint for the economically
and environmentally most attractive conversion technologies to be supported in the short and in the
longer term up to 2030, the required biomass, the supply chain and market structure and the
corresponding biofuel RD&D and policy support schemes. More specifically REFUEL will result in a
spatially detailed and consistent REFUEL land resources database for EU25+; a detailed long term
assessment of technical and economic biomass production potentials for the EU25+, incorporating
economic factors, land-use, energy- and agricultural policy in a coherent manner; an analyses of key
drivers and barriers to develop and exploit biomass production potentials for biofuels; an assessment of
the impact of biomass production schemes; a socio economic cost-benefit analyses for biofuels and a
methodology for it; a review of current EU25 biofuels policies, their drivers and effectiveness.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| Developing International Competence in |
This project will facilitate 58 student work placement exchanges in order to enhance international competence; the knowledge, skills and attitudes acquired during an international work placement. It will also promote cultural competence and the internationalization of the curriculum through e-learning case studies, development of a Culture and Health course and the exchange of 20 teaching staff. Finally, it will support the global mobility of health care graduates through recognition of transferable technical skills and cultural competence.
EU funding:141.823€, 75% of total budget of 189.097€
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| CIVITAS - VIVALDI |
“Increasing the urban transport systems sustainability and efficiency through radical strategies for Clean Urban Transport” (CIVITAS). It also jointly addresses the objectives of the ENERGIE5-T1 call for proposals, targeted action D “Rational use of Energy-Clean Urban Transport”.
More generally the VIVALDI demonstration project aims to contribute to European policy development with regard to :
the Citizens’ Network ;
the Green paper on Clean Urban Transport ;
the European Transport Policy white paper ;
the Environmental Action Programme “Towards Sustainability” ;
and the implementation of the Kyoto protocol.
The VIVALDI project seeks to demonstrate an integrated package of innovative transport strategies and measures, in EU city laboratories, and to assess their contribution to improving the four key urban policy goals of :
urban vitality and economic success ;
social inclusion ;
the health and well being of citizens ;
sustainability.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture |
During a ceremony held today in Barcelona, the European Commissioner responsible for Culture, Ján Figel’, and the mayor of the city, Joan Clos, presented the Dutch architect, Rem Koolhaas, with the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture.
The biannual prize, established in 2001 on the initiative of the European Commission and the Mies van der Rohe Foundation, rewards excellence and innovation in the conceptual, technical and constructional qualities of European works. Created within the framework of the European Culture 2000 programme, and with a prize of €50 000 and a sculpture by the Catalan artist Xavier Corberó, the competition is aimed at both experienced and novice architects. In total, 242 works of architecture were nominated for the prize that was open to projects completed between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2004, by experts in the field and national architecture associations throughout Europe. An international panel of judges comprising nine members[1] and presided over by Zaha Hadid (who was awarded the prize in 2003) chose the winner from a list of five finalists that included – besides the Dutch embassy in Berlin – the headquarters of Swiss Re in London, the Selfridges & Co department store in Birmingham, the Forum 2004 esplanade in Barcelona and the Braga municipal stadium in Portugal.
At the award ceremony, Commissioner Figel’ said that: "the projects nominated for this prize illustrate the cultural importance of architecture to the everyday lives of Europeans, as they combine functionality with beauty. They play an essential role in the creation of a harmonious and practical environment".
Also awarded was a special prize for up-and-coming architects, whose winner receives €10 000. This went to the BasketBar project in Utrecht, run by the architects Pieter Bannenberg, Walter van Dijk, Kamiel Klaasse and Mark Linnemann.
A total of 28 of the works nominated for the award will be displayed together in a travelling exhibition.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| Case studies |
TACIS projects in the New Independent States
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| Wind energy in urban areas (WINEUR) |
The objective of this project is to promote and raise awareness about urban wind turbines technologies and to remove regulatory and economical barriers.
Urban turbines are a fairly new product. The market for them is underdeveloped and there is apparent lack of knowledge with these products. WINEUR brings information to partner countries’ decision makers, mainly local authorities, in order to sensitize to this new renewable energy technology and permit its potential development.
To mobilise key actors and to involve local authorities, Wineur provide information related to the existing technologies, the economics, the regulations, procedures and guidelines specifically related to Urban Wind Turbines.
Wineur also leads in partnership with some cities feasibility studies for urban turbines implementation and the project ensure close consultation with key stakeholders throughout workshops, seminars, community consultation.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| SHARE |
The overall project objectives of SHARE are to increase sustainability of energy use and reduce associated carbon emissions and the risk of uncomfortable and unaffordable fuel bills in social housing through:
- raising awareness amongst relevant actors of these benefits for residents and landlords
- promoting practical ways to achieve improvements
- promoting behavioural change by residents
- enabling exchange of information and experience both between local actors and European partners
Each partner is following a common theme and approach, and designing a local programme relevant to their own local context. The common features are:
- Bringing together key local actors in social housing energy forums that take place approximately every three months. In these forums, the partner facilitates discussions and guest speakers on energy related issues.
- Development and delivery of a series of targeted training courses
- Development and delivery of local energy awareness and advice campaigns
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| Short Term Actions to Reorganize Transport of goods (START) |
An efficient distribution of goods is crucial for the vitality of the centres of European cities. Current goods distribution however, causes emissions and is not necessarily energy efficient.
Complementary to the long-term planning to make goods transports more efficient, the cities within START, Bristol, Göteborg, Ljubljana, Ravenna and Riga, will take a short term approach and combine actions such as access restrictions, consolidation centres and incentives. These measures will benefit both businesses and citizens by making the goods distribution more energy efficient and hence reduce the related air pollution.
The START approach is based on close collaboration between the city government, transport companies and local businesses formalised in local freight networks, which will be established in every partner city. The networks will have periodic meetings where the activities and the progress are discussed. The networks will also serve as an effective marketing tool towards the transport businesses.
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............................................................................................................................................................................................| Energy Efficiency Training of Trainers (EETT) |
The purpose of the project is to build capacities through the set- up of a sustainable training system for skilled human resources in the area of energy management in four sub-Saharan Portuguese-speaking African countries: Angola, Cabo Verde, Mozambique and Sao Tome è Principe.
The training programme provides structured training and training material to facilitate a training system in energy management in both the public and private sectors. Subjects of the training courses are:
• Introduction, methodology
• Development of energy efficiency strategies and master plans
• Energy management in buildings
• Energy management in industry
• Energy audits
• Renewable energies
• Financing of energy efficiency
• Methods of project development
• Energy management training centres/Energy Agencies
The courses focus on the transfer of know-how and skills necessary to independently initiate and carry out no-cost/low-cost energy management activities and to further transfer and disseminate the knowledge gained.
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